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CIVIC EDUCATION
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(1a)
(i) Promotion of Violence: Constant exposure to violent content in the media can desensitize children, making them more aggressive and undermining parental efforts to teach peace and empathy.
(ii) Encouragement of Immorality: Negative media often glamorizes inappropriate behaviors such as premarital sex, drug use, and disrespect for authority, which conflict with the values parents aim to instill.
(iii) Poor Academic Focus: Excessive media consumption, especially of entertainment with no educational value, can distract children from their studies and diminish their academic performance.
(1b)
(i) Media Literacy Education: Parents should teach children to critically analyze media messages and recognize biases, stereotypes, and falsehoods. This helps children not to accept everything they see or hear as the truth.
(ii) Setting Media Boundaries: Establishing limits on screen time and monitoring what children watch or read helps to control their exposure to harmful content.
(iii) Encouraging Open Communication: Creating an environment where children feel safe to discuss what they encounter in the media allows parents to correct misconceptions and reinforce family values.
(2a)
(i) Legal Entry and Residence: The alien must have entered the country legally and maintained a lawful residence for a specified period, as required by the country’s immigration laws.
(ii) Good Character: The applicant must demonstrate good moral character by having no criminal record or history of involvement in activities that threaten public peace or national security.
(iii) Proficiency in Language: Many countries require the applicant to have a working knowledge of the official language to ensure proper integration into society.
(iv) Understanding of National Culture and Laws: The alien must show knowledge of the country’s history, customs, values, constitution, and legal system.
(v) Oath of Allegiance: The individual must be willing to take an oath of allegiance, pledging loyalty to the new country and renouncing allegiance to other nations.
(2b)
(i) Respecting National Symbols: Citizens can show loyalty by respecting national symbols like the flag, anthem, and coat of arms during official events and daily life.
(ii) Obeying Laws and Regulations: Abiding by the rules and laws of the country shows commitment to social order and national unity.
(iii) Voting in Elections: Participating in free and fair elections helps in choosing competent leaders and supporting democratic governance.
(iv) Paying Taxes: Timely payment of taxes supports national development and demonstrates commitment to the country’s economic growth.
(v) Defending the Nation: Citizens may serve in the military or support national defense efforts to protect the country’s sovereignty and integrity.
(3a)
(i) Underage Driving: Timmy, being only fifteen years old, is legally underage and not permitted to drive, highlighting a serious violation of traffic regulations regarding the minimum driving age.
(ii) Use of Mobile Phone While Driving: Receiving a call while driving is a distraction and a major cause of road accidents, as it reduces focus and reaction time.
(iii) Disregard for Traffic Signals: Running a red light is a direct breach of traffic laws and endangers all road users by increasing the risk of collision.
(3b)
(i) Strict Enforcement of Age Restrictions: Authorities must strictly enforce laws that set the minimum legal age for driving to prevent underage individuals from operating vehicles.
(ii) Public Awareness Campaigns: Continuous education through media and schools on the dangers of distracted driving and running red lights can help instill safe habits.
(iii) Parental Responsibility and Monitoring: Parents should ensure that their children do not have unauthorized access to vehicles and must educate them on road safety.
(4)
(i)Nigeria Jubilee Fellows Programme (NJFP): This one-year fellowship program connects talented young Nigerian graduates with local job opportunities while equipping them with world-class skills and knowledge. Participants gain practical experience, mentorship, and professional development in diverse sectors.
(ii)N-Power: A comprehensive initiative to address youth unemployment by providing paid volunteer opportunities and skills training in sectors like education, health, and agriculture. Participants receive a monthly stipend and potential pathways to permanent employment.
(iii)Youth Enterprise With Innovation In Nigeria (YouWiN!): This program promotes entrepreneurship among young Nigerians by providing grants and business development support. Participants receive financial support, business training, mentorship, and market access to help them start and grow their businesses.
(iv)National Youth Service Corps (NYSC): A mandatory one-year program for Nigerian graduates that fosters national unity and provides valuable work experience. Corps members receive a monthly stipend and participate in various community development projects.
(v)Graduate Internship Scheme (GIS): Although details on this program are limited, it’s another initiative aimed at empowering young Nigerians through skills acquisition and work experience.
(5a)
(i)Health Risks: Unknown side effects, potential overdose, or adverse reactions with other medications.
(ii)Legal Consequences: Possession or use of illegal substances can lead to legal troubles, fines, or even imprisonment.
(iii)Impaired Judgment: The pills could impair Mosi’s judgment, leading to poor decision-making that might affect his relationships, academic performance, or safety.
(iv)Addiction or Dependency: There’s a risk of developing a dependency on the substance, which could lead to long-term health and personal issues.
(v)Negative Impact on Academic Performance: Substance use can affect concentration, memory, and overall academic achievement, potentially jeopardizing Mosi’s future opportunities.
(5b)
(i)Say No Directly: Clearly and firmly decline the offer without hesitation.
(ii)Explain His Reasons: Share his concerns about the potential risks and consequences of taking the pills.
(iii)Suggest Alternatives: Propose alternative ways to relax and enjoy time with friends that don’t involve substance use.
(iv)Seek Support: Talk to a trusted friend, family member, or counselor about the situation for guidance and support.
(v)Focus on Personal Goals: Remind himself of his personal goals and priorities, and how substance use could hinder achieving them.
(6a)
(i) Lack of Legal Protection: Refugees often lack proper documentation, making them vulnerable to exploitation.
(ii) Separation from Family: Being alone or separated from support systems increases vulnerability.
(iii) Poverty and Desperation: Limited access to food, shelter, and resources may make her more likely to accept risky offers.
(iv) Lack of Education and Awareness: Displaced individuals may not know how to identify or avoid trafficking schemes.
(v) Unregulated Refugee Camps: Poorly managed camps can be targeted by traffickers.
(vi) Limited Law Enforcement Presence: Weak security allows traffickers to operate freely.
(vii) Language Barriers: Difficulty communicating can prevent her from seeking help or understanding dangers.
(6b)
(i) Increase Security in Refugee Camps: Deploy trained personnel to monitor and prevent trafficking activities.
(ii) Conduct Awareness Campaigns: Educate refugees on the dangers and signs of trafficking.
(iii) Provide Legal Documentation: Issue IDs or temporary permits to give refugees legal protection.
(iv) Offer Psychological and Social Support: Help displaced persons rebuild their confidence and decision-making skills.
(7a)
(i) Provision of basic social services such as health centers, water supply, and waste disposal.
(ii) Construction and maintenance of roads within the local area.
(iii) Establishment and regulation of markets and motor parks.
(iv) Collection of rates and levies (e.g., shop and tenement rates).
(v) Registration of births, deaths, and marriages.
(7b)
(i)Property Taxes: One of the primary sources of revenue for local governments is property taxes. These are levied on real estate properties within the jurisdiction and are based on the assessed value of the property.
(ii)Sales Taxes: Some local governments have the authority to impose sales taxes on goods and services sold within their area. This can be a significant source of revenue, especially in regions with high commercial activity.
(iii)Grants and Subsidies: Local governments often receive financial support from central or state governments in the form of grants and subsidies. These funds are typically allocated for specific projects or to support general operations.
(iv)Licenses and Permits: Revenue is also generated through the issuance of various licenses and permits, such as business licenses, building permits, and vehicle registrations. Fees collected from these activities contribute to the local budget.
(v)Service Charges and Fees: Local governments charge fees for specific services they provide, such as water and sewage services, parking fees, and recreational facility use.
(8)
(i) Ensures Equality Before the Law: Everyone, including leaders, is subject to the law, which prevents misuse of power.
(ii) Promotes Accountability: Government officials can be held accountable for unlawful actions, discouraging authoritarian behavior.
(iii) Protects Fundamental Rights: Citizens’ rights and freedoms are safeguarded, reducing the chance of oppression.
(iv) Limits Abuse of Power: Clear legal frameworks and enforcement mechanisms prevent leaders from acting beyond their powers.
(v) Encourages Judicial Independence: An independent judiciary checks the excesses of the executive and legislature.
(9a)
Traditional mode of popular participation refers to the indigenous and informal methods through which people in a community engage in political and societal decision-making processes. These methods are rooted in customs, culture, and long-established practices, such as town hall meetings, age grades, village assemblies, and council of elders.
(9b)
(i) Cultural Relevance: It reflects and respects the traditions and values of the people, making participation more meaningful.
(ii) Inclusiveness: It allows for the involvement of a wide range of community members, including elders, women, and youths.
(iii) Conflict Resolution: Traditional methods often promote peaceful dialogue and consensus-building.
(iv) Trust and Legitimacy: Decisions made through traditional means are often trusted and accepted by community members.
(v) Cost Effectiveness: These systems are usually low-cost since they do not require formal structures or large financial resources.
(vi) Social Cohesion: Participation fosters unity and strengthens the sense of belonging within the community.
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