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2024 WAEC GCE GOVERNMENT ANSWER
Section A
(1)
(i) Historical experience: Nigeria has had negative experiences with one-party systems in the past, leading to political instability and authoritarian rule. This history has pushed the country towards embracing a more democratic system to avoid repeating past mistakes.
(ii) Pressure from civil society: Over the years, civil society organizations in Nigeria have advocated for democratic principles and the importance of multiple political parties to ensure representation and accountability. This pressure has influenced the country’s move away from a one-party system.
(iii) International norms and pressure: Nigeria’s participation in the global community has exposed it to international norms that prioritize democracy and multi-party systems. Pressure from international organizations and other countries has encouraged Nigeria to adopt more democratic forms of government.
(iv) Ethnic and religious diversity: Nigeria’s diverse population includes various ethnic and religious groups with differing interests and perspectives. A one-party system would not adequately represent these diverse groups, leading to tensions and conflicts. Embracing multi-party democracy allows for better representation and accommodation of these differences.
(v) Economic factors: Nigeria’s economic growth and development have been influenced by political stability and good governance. A multi-party system with checks and balances can contribute to a more stable political environment, which in turn fosters economic growth. This economic consideration has been a factor in Nigeria’s move towards democratic governance.
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4.
(i) Accountability: Elections allow citizens to evaluate their leaders’ performance and choose whether to re-elect them or vote for new representatives.
(ii) Representation: They ensure that the government reflects the will of the people, giving citizens a voice in choosing leaders who will represent their interests.
(iii) Peaceful Transition: Regular elections promote a peaceful transition of power, helping to prevent political instability and conflicts over leadership.
(iv) Political Participation: Elections encourage public involvement in the democratic process, allowing citizens to exercise their right to vote and influence governance.
(v) Legitimacy: They provide legitimacy to elected leaders, reinforcing their authority as representatives chosen by the people, which strengthens democratic governance.
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(NUMBER 5)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i) Increased Efficiency and Profitability:
Private ownership incentivizes profit maximization, leading to improved efficiency in operations and increased returns on investment.
(ii) Reduction of Government Spending:
Privatization reduces the financial burden on the government, freeing up funds for essential public services such as education, healthcare, and infrastructure.
(iii) Access to Capital and Expertise:
Private investors often have access to greater capital and expertise, which can accelerate the growth and expansion of former state-owned enterprises.
(iv) Improved Customer Service:
Private companies are driven by the need to satisfy customer demands, leading to improved service quality and responsiveness.
(v) Competition and Innovation:
Privatization introduces competition into markets, encouraging innovation and improved product or service offerings.
(vi) Creation of Job Opportunities:
The growth and expansion of privatized enterprises can create new job opportunities in various sectors of the economy.
(vii) Transparency and Accountability:
Private companies are generally subject to greater financial transparency and accountability, reducing corruption and enhancing public trust.
(viii) Reduction of Monopoly Power:
Privatization can break up state monopolies, promoting competition and preventing market distortions caused by government intervention.
Section B
(7)
(i) Promotion of Federalism and Regional Autonomy: Awolowo was a strong advocate for a federal system of government, which he believed would accommodate Nigeria’s ethnic diversity more effectively than a unitary system. His arguments for federalism influenced the constitutional conferences that led to Nigeria’s federal structure, a model that continues today.
(ii) Economic and Social Development through Education: Awolowo pioneered free primary education in Western Nigeria, making it the first region in Nigeria to introduce universal primary education. This approach increased literacy rates and contributed to a well-educated population that was crucial for Nigeria’s development and self-governance.
(iii) Formation and Leadership of the Action Group: Awolowo founded the Action Group (AG) in 1951, a political party that promoted progressive policies, regional autonomy, and social welfare. The AG became a powerful political force, especially in the Western Region, and set a model for organized, issues-based political engagement.
(iv) Advocacy for Economic Self-Sufficiency: As Premier of the Western Region, Awolowo promoted policies aimed at economic independence, including infrastructure development, industrialization, and the establishment of cooperative societies. His emphasis on financial autonomy for regions provided a framework for economic self-reliance within the federal structure.
(v) Role in Constitutional Negotiations and Debates: Awolowo played a critical role in negotiating the terms of Nigeria’s independence, advocating for minority rights and a fair federal arrangement. His intellectual contributions during constitutional conferences influenced the structure and principles of Nigeria’s governance at independence.
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(8)
(i) Enhanced Security: Good relations help Nigeria collaborate with neighbors to address shared security challenges, like terrorism and cross-border crime.
(ii) Economic Growth: Cooperation fosters trade and investment, boosting Nigeria’s economy and creating job opportunities.
(iii) Political Stability: Positive relations promote regional peace, reducing conflicts that could destabilize Nigeria and the region.
(iv) Resource Sharing: Collaboration allows Nigeria to share and access resources like water, energy, and infrastructure, benefiting development.
(v) Cultural Exchange: Friendly ties encourage cultural interactions, tourism, and mutual understanding, strengthening Nigeria’s soft power.
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