WAEC GCE 2023 Biology Essay and Practical Questions And Answers

WAEC GCE BIOLOGY PRACTICAL

(1a)
Pectoral girdle.

(1aii)
I- humerus
II- radius
III- carpals
IV- metacarpils
V- phalanges
VI- ulna

(1b)
X- ball and socket joint
Y- hinge joint
Z- gilding and sliding joint

(1c)
Trace it in the booklet below!
[img]https://i.imgur.com/0nGpj3L.jpeg[/img]

(1di)
Mandible

(1dii)
I. Incisors
II. Diastema
III. Premolar
IV. Polar

(1dii)
I. for cutting
II. Has no function
III. For chewing
IV. For grading

(1ei)
Herbivores

(1eii)
it has no canine

(1eiii)
Rabbit

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(2a)
(i) Horn size and shape
(ii) Body size and build
(iii) Body coloration and patterns
(iii) Body coloration and patterns
(iv) Face shape and structure
(v) Muscle development
(vi) Tail length and shape
(viii) Udder size and shape

(2b)
in Tabular form

CATTLE A (Bull)
(i) Bulls are generally larger in size compared to cows.
(ii) Bulls tend to have a more muscular and robust physique.
(iii) Bulls have higher testosterone levels, which can influence their behavior and aggression.
(iv) Bulls are more likely to have large, curved horns compared to cows.
(v) Bulls have a deeper, more resonant voice compared to cows.

CATTLE B (Cow)
(i) Cows are generally smaller in size compared to bulls.
(ii) Cows have a more feminine and gentle appearance.
(iii) Cows have lower testosterone levels compared to bulls, leading to less aggressive behavior.
(iv) Cows have a developed udder for milk production.
(v) Cows have a higher-pitched voice compared to bulls.
(2ci) Genetic cross between cattle A (bull) and B (cow) for the patched skim trait:

(2ci)
Check the diagram below

(2cii)
incomplete dominance.

(2ciii)
Law of Incomplete Dominance.

(2civ)
1:2:1 (DD:Dd:dd)

(2d)
(i) Dominant: Cattle B (cow) “Dd”
(ii) Recessive: cattle A (bull) “Dd”.

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(3a)
A- Cactus
B- Tainum Triangulans

(3b)
TABULATE
HABITANT
A- Desert and
Dry land
B- Savanna
Garden,moist Damp Soil
UNDER A
(i)Leaves are Reduced to spine to reduce to water loss
(ii)Thick Stem to consewe water.

UNDER B
(i)Shallow Root
(ii)Has no elaborate water storage

(3c)
TABULATE

UNDER A
(i)Leaf of A are reduce to spine

(ii)Presence of Sunkon stomata
(iii) Absence of flowers

Under B
(i) Leaves of B are wider not reduced to spines
(ii)Absence of Sunkon Stomata
(iii)Presence of Flowers

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Biology-Obj
1-10 BADABABCCC
11-20 DCACCBDABA
21-30 CBAACADBCD
31-40 DACCABBDDA
41-50 AADBDACDDC

WAEC GCE BIOLOGY

(1a)
[TABULATE]

=ORGANISM IN INCREASING ORDER OF COMPLEXITY=
(i) Bacterium
(ii) Eugelena
(iii) Hydra
(iv) Tapeworm
(v) Tilapia
(vi) Snake

=LEVEL OF ORGANISM=
(i) Cellular
(ii) Cellular
(iii) Tissue
(iv) Organ
(v) Organism
(vi) Organism

(1bi)
(PICK FOUR ONLY)
(i) High adaptability
(ii) Efficient nutrient absorption
(iii) Rapid movement
(iv) Reproduction flexibility
(v) Lower energy requirements
(vi) Easy diffusion of gases and waste products

(1bii)
(PICK FOUR ONLY)
(i) Specialized organs for different functions
(ii) Enhanced sensory perception
(iii) Advanced cognitive abilities
(iv) Greater mobility and dexterity
(v) Ability to withstand varying environmental conditions
(vi) Increased lifespan.

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(2a)
Tabular form

-Adult X-
TWO FOOD NUTRIENTS
(i) vitamins
(ii) minerals

ONE END PRODUCT OF DIGESTION
(i) glucose

-Adult Y-
TWO FOOD NUTRIENTS
(i) carbohydrates
(ii) protein

ONE END PRODUCT OF DIGESTION
(i) amino acids.

(2bi)
Constipation is a condition characterized by infrequent bowel movements and difficulty passing stool.

(2bii)
Adult X, who had a meal of vegetables, is less likely to suffer from constipation.

(2biii)
(PUCK ANY ONE)
(i) Vegetables are high in fiber, which adds bulk to the stool and helps in regular bowel movements.
(ii) Vegetables are also high in water content, which helps soften the stool and makes it easier to pass.
(iii) The presence of vitamins and minerals in vegetables helps promote a healthy digestive system and proper bowel function.

(2c)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) White bread provides a quick source of energy due to its high carbohydrate content.
(ii) The fried egg provides protein, which helps in muscle growth and repair.
(iii) The combination of white bread and fried egg can provide a balance of essential nutrients for the body.
(iv) The meal can be filling and satisfying, helping to reduce hunger and provide satiety.

(2di)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Inadequate intake of essential nutrients: People may not consume a balanced diet that provides all the necessary vitamins, minerals, and macronutrients.
(ii) Poor absorption of nutrients: Certain medical conditions or digestive disorders can impair the absorption of nutrients from food.
(iii) Increased nutrient needs: Certain life stages, such as pregnancy or lactation, as well as certain medical conditions, may require higher nutrient intake than usual, and if these needs are not met, malnutrition can occur.

(2dii)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Stunted growth: Malnutrition can lead to a lack of essential nutrients needed for proper growth and development, resulting in reduced height and weight for age.
(ii) Weak immune system: Malnutrition weakens the immune system, making children more susceptible to infections and diseases.
(iii) Delayed cognitive development: Inadequate nutrition can affect the brain’s development, leading to learning difficulties and impaired cognitive function.
(iv) Lack of energy: Malnourished children may experience fatigue and lack of energy, affecting their overall physical and mental well-being.

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Bonus

(4ai)
Iron

(4aii)
Vitamin K

(4aiii)
hemophilia

(4b)
(i) Spinach
(ii) Broccoli
(iii) Kale

(4c)
(i) Blood typing and crossmatching: To determine the patient’s blood type and match it with compatible donor blood.
(ii) Complete Blood Count (CBC): To assess the levels of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
(iii) Coagulation tests: Such as prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) to evaluate the blood clotting ability.

(4d)
(i) Two compatible blood group types for a person with blood group A are A positive (A+) and A negative (A-).
(ii) The likely blood groups of the patient’s parents could be A and O.

(4e)
(i) Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive disorder, meaning the gene responsible is located on the X chromosome. Males have only one X chromosome (XY), so if the X chromosome they inherit from their mother carries the hemophilia gene, they will manifest the disorder. Females have two X chromosomes (XX), so they need to inherit the hemophilia gene from both parents to manifest the disorder.

(ii) A condition that would result in a female offspring manifesting hemophilia is if she inherits an X chromosome with the hemophilia gene from her carrier mother and her father also carries the hemophilia gene on his X chromosome.

(iii)
– Down syndrome
– Cystic fibrosis

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(5ai)
Phototropism

(5aii)
Phototropism is a biological process where plants grow towards a light source. In this case, the dark box with a hole allowed light to enter from one side only. The seedlings detected the light and responded by growing and bending towards the direction of the hole. This directional growth is a result of differential cell elongation on the side of the seedling away from the light, causing it to bend towards the light source.

(5aiii)
Without a hole, the seedlings would not receive directional light cues, and their growth would likely be more random and not oriented towards a specific direction. The seedlings might exhibit a more upright and uniform growth pattern.

(5b)
The balance of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and oxygen (O₂) in an ecosystem is maintained through the processes of photosynthesis and respiration. During photosynthesis, plants and some microorganisms take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen, contributing to an increase in atmospheric oxygen. On the other hand, during respiration, organisms consume oxygen and release carbon dioxide. The overall balance between these processes helps to regulate the levels of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the ecosystem.

(5ci)
The Sun

(5cii)
Without a supply of energy, the ecosystem would be unable to sustain life. Energy is necessary for all biological processes, including growth, reproduction, and maintaining metabolic activities. If there is no supply of energy, the ecosystem’s organisms would not be able to function, leading to a collapse of the food chain and the ecosystem as a whole.

(5d)
(i) Lithosphere:
The lithosphere is the rigid outer layer of the Earth, consisting of the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle.

(ii) Hydrosphere:
The hydrosphere refers to all the water on Earth, including oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, groundwater, and water vapor in the atmosphere.

(iii) Ecological Niche:
An ecological niche is the role and position of a species within an ecosystem, including its interactions with the biotic and abiotic factors. It encompasses how a species obtains and uses resources and how it contributes to the structure and function of the ecosystem.

(5e)
(i) Interspecific competition is the competition for resources (such as food, water, and space) between different species in a community.

(ii) The likely reasons for the death of seedlings could include overcrowding, competition for nutrients, water, and sunlight among the maize plants. In a small piece of land, resources may be limited, leading to stress on the plants and increased susceptibility to diseases and pests. The lack of sufficient space for root expansion and the shading effect from nearby plants can also contribute to the mortality of seedlings.